What sensor signals does the Displayer Control Panel of Pedal Assist E-Bike mainly receive and process?

The Displayer Control Panel of Pedal Assist E-Bike, especially the instrument controller used in the SUNRUN electric power-assisted bicycle, is the core component of the intelligent control of electric bicycles. It integrates a variety of advanced technologies and the processing capabilities of precision sensor signals.
The pedal frequency sensor is usually installed on the crankshaft assembly of the bicycle. It consists of a set of sensing contacts and a magnetic steel ring that rotates with the crankshaft. When the magnetic steel ring rotates, it periodically approaches and moves away from the sensing contacts, thereby generating a changing magnetic field between the contacts, which is converted into an electrical signal. This signal directly reflects the frequency of the rider's pedaling, that is, the number of pedal rotations per minute. By monitoring this frequency, the system can determine the rider's activity level and the desired power intensity. For example, when a fast pedaling frequency is detected, the controller may increase the motor's power to reduce the rider's physical exertion.
The torque sensor is usually integrated on the bicycle's middle or rear axle, and measures the torque applied to the shaft through strain gauges or magnetoelastic effect. When the rider pedals, the shaft will deform slightly, which is captured by the sensor and converted into an electrical signal. The torque signal provides the specific amount of force applied by the rider to the pedals, which is key to assessing riding intentions and adjusting the motor output torque. The system adjusts the motor output power based on the torque signal to ensure that the power assist matches the rider's effort level, achieving a more natural riding experience.
The speed sensor is usually installed in the wheel hub or on the axle, using the Hall effect or magnetoresistive effect to detect the rotation speed of the wheel. When the wheel rotates, the magnet or magnetic strip fixed to the axle will periodically pass by the sensor, generating a changing magnetic field, which triggers the sensor to output a pulse signal. The speed signal provides information about the vehicle's current driving speed, which is essential for maintaining stable power output, achieving cruise control, and safety warnings (such as speeding warnings). The system also uses the speed signal to calculate the distance traveled and estimate the remaining range.
After receiving these sensor signals, the Displayer Control Panel of Pedal Assist E-Bike will perform complex algorithm processing to comprehensively evaluate the rider's needs, vehicle status, and external environmental factors, and then accurately adjust the motor's power assist level, torque output, and battery discharge strategy. This process not only ensures riding comfort and efficiency, but also extends the battery life and improves the overall riding experience.