Shifter Transmission Group Set Series: How does the controller receive and transmit the gear shift command?

In the Shifter Transmission Group Set Series, the controller is the hub of the gear shift system. Its core principle involves a complex series of processes that receive commands, transmit signals, and finally trigger the gearshift action. The controller is usually mounted on the handlebars, which is convenient for the rider to operate at any time during riding. The rider issues the gear shift command by pulling or pressing the corresponding parts on the controller. These commands can be simple mechanical actions or complex electronic signals, depending on the type of controller.
Mechanical controllers usually transmit gear shift commands through pull cables or push rods. When the rider pulls or presses the controller, it drives the internal mechanical structure, which then transmits the force to the gearshift through the gear cable. Electronic controllers receive the rider's gear shift command through electronic sensors. When the rider operates the controller, it triggers the sensor and generates an electrical signal. These signals are then transmitted to the electronic actuator on the gearshift through electronic circuits.
Once the controller receives the gear shift command, it needs to convert these commands into signals that the gearshift can understand. This usually involves converting mechanical action into electrical signals (in electronic controllers) or directly transmitting force through mechanical structures (in mechanical controllers).
In mechanical controllers, the shift cable plays a key role. It connects the controller and the derailleur, triggering the derailleur by pulling the cable or pushing the lever. The shift cable usually contains steel or fiber wires, which have good strength and durability to withstand frequent operation during riding.
In electronic controllers, signal transmission is carried out through electronic circuits. Electronic components (such as microprocessors, sensors, etc.) inside the controller convert the rider's gear change instructions into digital or analog signals. These signals are then transmitted to the electronic actuator on the derailleur through electronic circuits (such as wires, data cables, etc.). After the actuator receives the signal, it triggers the internal mechanical structure to achieve the gear change.
Ultimately, the signal from the controller triggers the mechanical structure inside the derailleur to move the chain between the sprockets or flywheels to achieve the gear change. This process may involve the coordinated work of multiple complex mechanical and electrical components. The front derailleur is responsible for shifting the chain position between the large sprockets. When the controller issues a shift command, the derailleur inside the front derailleur moves the chain to the new sprocket. The movement of the derailleur may be driven by mechanical force (such as the force of the shift cable) or electronic actuator (such as the force driven by a motor).
The rear derailleur is responsible for shifting the chain between different cassette gear ratios. Similar to the front derailleur, when the controller issues a shift command, the derailleur inside the rear derailleur also moves the chain to the new cassette sprocket. The movement of the rear derailleur may also be driven by mechanical force or electronic actuator.